The+Hopi

Audrey, Tyler, Sam, Caroline, Lainey
Region: The Four Corners: Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico

Food Sources:
 * corn/main food, beans, onions, peaches, apricots,melon, wheat and squash
 * farming - plant crops in dunes where the water collects
 * corn is their most important crop

Dwellings:
 * usually three to fours stories high
 * used ladders to get to higher floors
 * made out of clay and stone
 * called Adobe houses, Adobe = wet mud from the earth
 * house build on top of mesas!
 * houses hold one or two kivas and in villages (underground room for religious ceremonies)
 * built houses on top of each other
 * made on hillsides

Clothing:
 * men wove/made clothing out of cotton and wool
 * women wore black gowns with a gold stripe around the waist at the hem
 * married women wore hair straight or in braids, unmarried wore hair in twists on either side
 * men wore fur or buckskin loins-clothes/also wore blankets of cotton
 * men sometimes wore fancy outfits and special headdresses and body paints

Art:
 * turns sand into clay and make into pottery!
 * made beautiful Kachina doll and gave to girls.

Religious Beliefs:
 * believe that they climbed out of kivas
 * pray for rain so that people, plants and animals can keep living
 * Kiva - underground room where they have religious ceremonies
 * Kachina - spirits of ancestors
 * pray to ancestors

Music and Dance:

Daily Life:

History: *10,000 yrs. ago ancestors moved to 4 corners from Mexico *were hunters and gatherers (mammoth/bison, berries/grasses/nuts) *made mud and stone cliff dwellings overlooking Grand Canyon *1200's moved to the Black Mesa because too hot and dry *planted new crops and hunted small animals and gathered wild plants *1500's Spanish explorers and other tribes moved into their area! *Spanish priests were mean so Hopi revolted in 1680 and won. *Spanish returned 12 years later *So, Hopi moved to 3 other mesas *lived happily for years *reservations and Hopi schools *1934 made Tribal Council and own laws/independent nation within U.S *1350 to 1540 hopi villages grew larger
 * *1924 became U.S. citizens **

Today: Hopi people remained dedicated farmers.
 * in villages on top of mesas
 * some are mixed into American life

Fun Facts: Family Life Hopi means Peaceful People
 * settled in village called Old Oraibi, one of the oldest villages in North America
 * each village lead by a village chief
 * chief voted on by village council and can be kicked out
 * Hopi speak their own Hopi language!!!
 * when a Hopi man marries, he goes to live with the family of his wife's mother